From: "Bachman, William (MYD)" bachmanw@iconus.com
Subject: [NMusers] Intel/Compaq/Digital Fortran Compiler installation issues related to NONMEM and PDx-Pop
Date: Thu, 30 Nov 2006 11:11:16 -0500
This document is being released due to an increased use of the Intel 9
compiler (people are just now upgrading apparently) and because of the
release of NONMEM VI (that may potentially generate a lot of support
questions related to new installations). Hopefully this document will
address a lot of the potential support issues for us. Apologies for the
length of this email, the intent was thoroughness!
Introduction:
The biggest support issue for both NONMEM and PDx-Pop is the improper or
incomplete installation of the FORTRAN compiler that is required by both
programs. The issue involves the system environment variables required
by the compiler and, in the case of Digital/Compaq/Intel series of
compilers, the Microsoft Software Development Kit (SDK) which is
generally provided by Microsoft Visual Studio software. The system
environment variables may not be set even when the respective setup
programs for the compiler or SDK tell you that they will set them! This
is especially true of Intel Compilers/Microsoft Visual Studio (MVS). A
related issue is that many Intel purchasers are often not aware that
Microsoft Visual Studio must be purchased and installed separately
(Digital and Compaq versions supplied MVS with the compiler). In
general, if NONMEM can be run from the command line (a standard DOS
window, e.g. one accessed by "All Programs > Accessories > Command
Prompt" in Windows XP), then the NONMEM installation will work with
PDx-Pop.
Digital/Compaq/Intel Compiler Issues:
The earlier compilers (Digital and Compaq) were often successful at
setting the environment variables for both the compiler and the SDK when
requested to do so by the user during installation of the compiler. The
Intel compiler often does not set the system environment variables even
when requested to do so by the user during setup. What actually happens
is that the compiler installation sets the environment for a "DOS-like"
environment called a Build Environment that can be accessed from the
Program Menu for the compiler program (that the users often confuse for
a "standard" DOS window which requires the system environment variables
to be set for it). NONMEM can be installed and run from this Build
Environment. However, NONMEM cannot be run from a standard DOS window
if it has been installed from the Build Environment window (because the
standard window needs the system environment variables to be set for
it). Also, PDx-Pop cannot use this "Build Environment"-installed NONMEM
because it also needs the correct system environment variables. Users
often state that "PDx-Pop does not work" when in actuality it is the
NONMEM installation using the Build Environment that is the real
problem.
Keep in mind that there are two sets of environment variables that are
required for these compilers to operate successfully with NONMEM at a
standard DOS window (and that if NONMEM runs at a standard DOS window,
PDx-Pop will also properly run NONMEM). The compiler and the SDK
installations provide batch files to guide you in setting the system
environment variables. If both of these batch files are run from a
standard DOS window, they will set the environment but only for that
instance of the window. If the window is closed, the batch files would
need to be re-run to set the environment variables again. For this
reason, the system variables must be set permanently to avoid having to
repeatedly run the batch files every time you want to run NONMEM.
PDx-Pop also requires "permanent" setting of the environment variables.
Permanently setting the environment is done via the Control Panel for
the more recent versions of the Windows operating systems (e.g. Windows
2000 or XP). Earlier versions of Windows (e.g Window 95 and 98) used
the autoexec.bat and/or the config.sys system files to set the system
environment at boot time. (These earlier versions will not be addressed
further in this document). Before proceeding with setting the
environment variables, it is useful to test the compiler installation to
determine the source of the unset variables (the SDK setup or the
compiler setup).
Testing the Compiler Installation
The testing consists of three steps that should be done in the following
order:
1. Determine if the link.exe program is in the system path to test the
SDK setup.
2. Determine if the compiler program is in the system path to test the
compiler setup.
The name of the compiler executable is dependent on the version of the
compiler:
df is used by Digital and Compaq versions
ifl is used by Intel 7
ifort is used by Intel 8 and 9
(fl32 is used by Microsoft Powerstation)
(The executable names are forward compatible (e.g. ifl will be
recognized by Intel 9, but, use of the correct version specific name is
recommended to avoid potential version-related issues.)
3. Compile a FORTRAN source file to assure the SDK and compiler are
working together. A simple "hello, world" type source file is
sufficient and an example, gmtest.for, can be found in the PDx-Pop
installation directory.
The following is the expected output from a Windows 2000 system running
Compaq Visual Fortran (and Microsoft Visual Studio):
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>link.exe
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 6.00.8447
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.
usage: LINK [options] [files] [@commandfile]
options:
/ALIGN:#
/BASE:{address|@filename,key}
/COMMENT:comment
/DEBUG
/DEBUGTYPE:{CV|COFF}
...
[more link.exe output here]
...
C:\>df.exe
Compaq Visual Fortran Optimizing Compiler Version 6.6 (Update C)
Copyright 2003 Compaq Computer Corp. All rights reserved.
C:\>cd pdxpop2.0a
C:\pdxpop2.0a>df gmtest.for
Compaq Visual Fortran Optimizing Compiler Version 6.6 (Update C)
Copyright 2003 Compaq Computer Corp. All rights reserved.
gmtest.for
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 6.00.8447
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corp 1992-1998. All rights reserved.
/subsystem:console
/entry:mainCRTStartup
/debugtype:cv
/pdb:none
C:\DOCUME~1\bill\LOCALS~1\Temp\obj300.tmp
dfor.lib
libc.lib
dfconsol.lib
dfport.lib
kernel32.lib
/out:gmtest.exe
C:\pdxpop2.0a>gmtest.exe
Globomax LLC - Tools for Expediting
Population Analysis (c) 2003
C:\pdxpop2.0a>
The three part test is used because steps 1 and 2 can succeed and 3 will
fail (if, for example, a non-compatible SDK version is found by a
specific compiler version or if an environment variable, other than the
PATH, has not been set).
An example of a failed step 3 might have an output like the following:
C:\pdxpop2.0a>ifort gmtest.for
Intel(R) Fortran Compiler for 32-bit applications, Version 9.1 Build
20060816Z Package ID: W_FC_C
_9.1.029
Copyright (C) 1985-2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 8.00.50727.42
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-out:gmtest.exe
-subsystem:console
gmtest.obj
LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : warning LNK4254: section '.CRT' (40000040)
merged into '.data' (C0000040)
with different attributes
C:\pdxpop2.0a>
Determining which batch file contains the missing environment variables:
The Digital/Compaq/Intel Compilers do not supply the linker program and
require the linker to be supplied by Microsoft Visual Studio. However,
Digital and Compaq Visual Fortran supply Microsoft Visual Studio as part
of their software and automatically installed the Visual Studio
components with the compiler components. The batch file supplied by
Digital and Compaq to set the environment variables for both the
compiler and the SDK is called "dfvars.bat". The file can usually be
found in the "C:\program files\DevStudio\DF\bin" directory or in
"C:\program files\Microsoft Visual Studio\DF98\bin". As stated earlier,
with earlier Digital and Compaq versions, the environment variables for
both the compiler and SDK components are often set correctly and you
need not be further concerned further with the batch files.
All versions of Intel Fortran require that Microsoft Visual Studio be
obtained and installed separately from the compiler. For Intel
compilers, there is a batch file supplied to set the Microsoft Visual
Studio environment variables and another batch file to set the compiler
environment variables. With Intel (and when the environment is not
correctly set for Digital or Compaq) you will have to find the batch
files to help you determine the missing environment variables. To
further complicate matters, the files have different names depending on
the compiler version and the SDK version! The name for the Intel 8 or 9
compiler variables is called "ifortvars.bat". The default location for
this file for Intel 9 is "C:\program
files\Intel\compiler\fortran\9.1\IA32\bin". The name of the batch file
for the recent versions of Microsoft Visual Studio (.Net 2003 and Visual
Studio 8) is "sdkvars.bat". The default location for this file for
Microsoft Visual Studio 8 is "C:\program files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\bin". The files have numerous environment variables, but, in
general only three critical environment variables need be modified:
PATH, LIB and INCLUDE.
The most direct way to determine the environment variables to be
completed (or created if not already present) is to study the compiler
and/or batch file(s) and then modify the PATH, LIB and INCLUDE variables
to include the paths for the compiler and the SDK in these variables.
Another way to determine which component of the environment variables
(those due to the SDK or those due to the compiler) is the following
algorithm:
1. Create a new directory and copy the sample Fortran source code and
the compiler and/or SDK to the new directory. (This method assumes that
the compiler and the SDK have been installed and NONMEM installation may
have failed.) In the example to be given Intel 9 with Microsoft Visual
Studio 8 have been installed on a Windows XP system. The directory
c:\ctests has been created and gmtest.for, sdkvars.bat and ifortvars.bat
have been located and copied to the directory.
2. Open a DOS window and attempt to compile the source file. Was the
gmtest.exe file created?
Yes, then stop. Required variables are defined. Your failed
installation was caused by something other than incomplete system
variables.
No, then proceed to step 3.
3. Run the batch file that sets the SDK variables, in this case,
sdkvars.bat
4. Again, attempt to compile the source file. Was the gmtest.exe file
created?
Yes, then stop. Required variables are located in the sdkvars.bat file.
No, then proceed to step 5.
5. Run the batch file that sets the compiler variables, in this case,
ifortvars.bat
6. Again, attempt to compile the source file. Was the gmtest.exe file
created?
Yes. Required variables are located in the sdkvars.bat and/or the
ifortvars.bat file. Proceed to step 7.
No, stop, your failed installation was caused by something other than
incomplete system variables.
7. Once you have determined the components that contain the missing
environment variables, examine the batch files, particularly the lines
related to LIB, PATH and INCLUDE so that you may add them to your
environment.
An example of using the above algorithm:
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
C:\ctests>ifort gmtest.for
Intel(R) Fortran Compiler for 32-bit applications, Version 9.1 Build
20060816Z Package ID: W_FC_C
_9.1.029
Copyright (C) 1985-2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 8.00.50727.42
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-out:gmtest.exe
-subsystem:console
gmtest.obj
LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : warning LNK4254: section '.CRT' (40000040)
merged into '.data' (C0000040)
with different attributes
C:\ctests>dir *.bat
Volume in drive C is HP_PAVILION
Volume Serial Number is 6142-03EA
Directory of C:\ctests
10/09/2006 11:03 AM 967 ifortvars.bat
11/27/2006 02:12 PM 542 sdkvars-sub1.bat
10/02/2006 11:07 AM 847 sdkvars.bat
3 File(s) 2,356 bytes
0 Dir(s) 243,543,531,520 bytes free
C:\ctests>sdkvars.bat
Setting environment to use Microsoft .NET Framework v2.0 SDK tools.
For a list of SDK tools, see the 'StartTools.htm' file in the bin
folder.
C:\ctests>ifort gmtest.for
Intel(R) Fortran Compiler for 32-bit applications, Version 9.1 Build
20060816Z Package ID: W_FC_C
_9.1.029
Copyright (C) 1985-2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 8.00.50727.42
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
-out:gmtest.exe
-subsystem:console
gmtest.obj
C:\ctests>gmtest.exe
Globomax LLC - Tools for Expediting
Population Analysis (c) 2003
C:\ctests>
In this example, successful compilation of gmtest.for was achieved after
sdkvars.bat was run. The components in sdkvars.bat related to LIB,
INCLUDE and PATH are:
@Set Path=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\Bin;C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v2.0.50727;C:\Program
Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\bin;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual
Studio 8\Common7\IDE;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\vcpackages;%PATH%
@Set LIB=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\lib;C:\Program
Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\Lib;%LIB%,
@Set INCLUDE=C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\VC\include;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio
8\SDK\v2.0\include;%INCLUDE%
The next step is to add the path within the above statements to the
PATH, LIB and INCLUDE variables using the Control Panel:
Control Panel > System > Advanced > Environment Variables.
Then select and edit each of the variables from the System Variables
(not the User Variables) to include the appropriate paths.
At the end of the variable value, additional paths can be added
(separated by semicolons).
Finally, after all three variables have been modified, close the Control
Panel and open a new DOS window to test compiling the source file. If
successful, you can now proceed with the NONMEM installation.
William J. Bachman, Ph.D.
Director, Pharmacometrics R&D
Icon Development Solutions
6031 University Blvd., Suite 300
Ellicott City, MD 21076
nmconsult@iconus.com
or
pdxpoptechsupport@iconus.com
_______________________________________________________