RE: Calculating shrinkage when some etas are zero
Hi Pyry,
Yes, when calculating shrinkage or looking at eta-diagnostic plots it is often
better to exclude etas from subjects that has no information on that parameter
at all. For a PK model we would not include subjects that were only
administered placebo (if PK is exogenous compound). In the same manner placebo
subjects are not informative on the drug-effects parameters of a (PK-)PD model.
These subjects have informative etas for the placebo-part of the PD model, but
not on the drug-effects (etas on Emax, ED50, etc.). For any eta-diagnostics you
can removed these etas based on design (placebo subject, IV dosing, et c) or
the empirical-Bayes estimate of eta being zero.
Cheers
Jakob
Quoted reply history
________________________________
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On
Behalf Of Pyry Välitalo
Sent: 21 August 2009 10:45
To: [email protected]
Subject: [NMusers] Calculating shrinkage when some etas are zero
Hi all,
I saw this snippet of information on PsN-general mailing list.
Kajsa Harling wrote in PsN-general:
"I talked to the experts here about shrinkage. Apparently, sometimes an
individual's eta may be exactly 0 (no effect, placebo, you probably
understand this better than I do). These zeros should not be included in
the shrinkage calculation, but now they are (erroneously) in PsN."
This led me to wonder about the calculation of shrinkage. I decided to post
here on nmusers, because my question mainly relates to NONMEM. I could not find
previous discussions about this topic exactly.
As I understand, if a parameter with BSV is not used by some individuals, the
etas for these individuals will be set to zero. An example would be a dataset
with IV and oral dosing data. If oral absorption rate constant KA with BSV is
estimated for this data, then all eta(KA) values for IV dosing group will be
zero.
The shrinkage of etas is calculated as
1-sd(etas)/omega
If the etas that equal exactly zero would have to be removed from this equation
then it would mean that NONMEM estimates the omega based on only those
individuals who need it for the parameter in question, e.g. the omega(KA) would
be estimated only based on the oral dosing group. Is this a correct
interpretation for the rationale to leave out zero etas?
I guess the inclusion of zero etas into shrinkage calculations significantly
increases the estimate of shrinkage because the zero etas always reduce the
sd(etas). As a practical example, suppose a dataset of 20 patients with oral
and 20 patients with IV administration. Suppose NONMEM estimates an omega of
0.4 for BSV of KA. Suppose the sd(etas) for oral group is 0.3 and thus sd(etas)
for all patients is 0.3/sqrt(2) since the etas in IV group for KA are zero.
Thus, as far as I know, PsN would currently calculate a shrinkage of
1-(0.3/sqrt(2))/0.4=0.47.
Would it be more appropriate to manually calculate a shrinkage of
1-0.3/0.4=0.25 instead?
All comments much appreciated.
Kind regards,
Pyry
Kajsa Harling wrote:
Dear Ethan,
I have also been away for a while, thank you for your patience.
I talked to the experts here about shrinkage. Apparently, sometimes an
individual's eta may be exactly 0 (no effect, placebo, you probably
understand this better than I do). These zeros should not be included in
the shrinkage calculation, but now they are (erroneously) in PsN.
Does this explain the discrepancy?
Then, the heading shrinkage_wres is incorrect, it should say
shrinkage_iwres (or eps) they say.
Comments are fine as long as they do not have commas in them. But this
is fixed in the latest release.
Best regards,
Kajsa